Nationalities of China
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The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal names, the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC, "Taiwan").
The Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group, where some 91.59% of the population was classified as Han Chinese (~1.2 billion). Besides the majority Han Chinese, China recognizes 55 other "nationalities" or ethnic groups, numbering approximately 105 million persons, mostly concentrated in the northwest, north, northeast, south, and southwest but with some in central interior areas.
The major minority ethnic groups are Zhuang (16.1 million), Manchu (10.6 million), Hui (9.8 million), Miao (8.9 million), Uyghur (8.3 million), Tujia (8 million), Yi (7.7 million), Mongol (5.8 million), Tibetan (5.4 million), Buyei (2.9 million), Dong (2.9 million), Yao (2.6 million), Korean (1.9 million), Bai (1.8 million), Hani (1.4 million), Kazakh (1.2 million), Li (1.2 million), and Dai (1.1 million).
Officially recognised ethnic groups in China
In order of population, this is the list of the 56 ethnic groups in China that are officially recognised by the government of the People's Republic of China. Members of several ethnic groups reside in Hong Kong and Macau, but due to the long separation from China, many of these ethnic groups are generally unknown to the Special Administrative Regions (of People's Republic of China) of Hong Kong and of Macau.
- Han (汉族; Traditional: 漢族; Hàn Zú)
- Zhuang (壮族; Traditional: 壯族; Zhuàng Zú)
- Manchu (满族; Traditional: 滿族; Mǎn Zú)
- Hui (回族; Huí Zú) (Also includes Utsuls of Hainan, descended from Cham refugees.)
- Miao (苗族; Miáo Zú) (Hmong)
- Uyghurs (维吾尔族; Traditional: 維吾爾族; Wéiwúěr Zú)
- Yi (彝族; Yí Zú)
- Tujia (土家族; Tǔjiā Zú)
- Mongols (蒙古族; Měnggǔ Zú)
- Tibetan (藏族; Zàng Zú) (including Amdowa and Khampa)
- Buyei (布依族; Bùyī Zú)
- Dong (侗族; Dòng Zú)
- Yao (瑶族; Traditional: 瑤族; Yáo Zú)
- Korean (朝鲜族; Traditional: 朝鮮族; Cháoxiǎn Zú)
- Bai (白族; Bái Zú)
- Hani (哈尼族; Hāní Zú)
- Li (黎族; Lí Zú)
- Kazakh (哈萨克族; 哈薩克族; Hāsàkè Zú)
- Dai (傣族; Dǎi Zú, also called Dai Lue, one of the Tai ethnic groups)
- She (畲族; Shē Zú)
- Lisu (傈僳族; Lìsù Zú)
- Gelao (仡佬族: Gēlǎo Zú)
- Lahu (拉祜族; Lāhù Zú)
- Dongxiang (东乡族; Traditional: 東鄉族; Dōngxiāng Zú)
- Va (佤族: Wǎ Zú)
- Sui (水族: Shuǐ Zú)
- Nakhi (纳西族; Traditional: 納西族; Nàxī Zú) (Also included are the zh:摩梭; Mósuō))
- Qiang (羌族: Qiāng Zú)
- Tu (土族: Tǔ Zú)
- Xibe (锡伯族; Traditional: 錫伯族; Xíbó Zú)
- Mulao (仫佬族; Mùlǎo Zú)
- Kyrgyz (柯尔克孜族; Traditional: 柯爾克孜族; Kēěrkèzī Zú)
- Daur (达斡尔族; Traditional: 達斡爾族; Dáwòěr Zú)
- Jingpo (景颇族; Traditional: 景頗族; Jǐngpō Zú) (Known as Kachin in Myanmar.)
- Salar (撒拉族; Sǎlá Zú)
- Blang (布朗族; Bùlǎng Zú)
- Maonan (毛南族; Màonán Zú)
- Tajik (塔吉克族; Tǎjíkè Zú)
- Pumi (普米族; Pǔmǐ Zú)
- Achang (阿昌族; Āchāng Zú)
- Nu (怒族; Nù Zú)
- Ewenki (鄂温克族; Èwēnkè Zú)
- Jing (京族: Jīng Zú) (The same group as Vietnamese or Kinh in Sino-Viet and historically referred to as 越 Yuè, or Sino-Viet Việt. See Yue (peoples).)
- Jino (基诺族; Traditional: 基諾族; Jīnuò Zú)
- De'ang (德昂族; Déáng Zú)
- Uzbeks (乌孜别克族; Traditional: 烏孜别克族; Wūzībiékè Zú)
- Russian (俄罗斯族; Traditional: 俄羅斯族; Éluōsī Zú)
- Yugur (裕固族; Yùgù Zú)
- Bonan (保安族; Bǎoān Zú)
- Monba (门巴族; Traditional: 門巴族; Ménbā Zú)
- Oroqen (鄂伦春族; Traditional: 鄂倫春族; Èlúnchūn Zú)
- Derung (独龙族; Traditional: 獨龍族; Dúlóng Zú)
- Tatars (塔塔尔族; Traditional: 塔塔爾族; Tǎtǎěr Zú)
- Hezhen (赫哲族; Hèzhé Zú) (the same group as Nanai on the Russian side of the border)
- Lhoba (珞巴族: Luòbā Zú)
- Gaoshan (高山族; Gāoshān Zú) (a collective name for all Taiwanese aborigine groups in Taiwan)
Taiwanese aborigines
For the list of aboriginal groups living in the disputed island Taiwan, see Taiwanese aborigines.
"Undistinguished" ethnic minority groups
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Main article: Undistinguished ethnic groups in China
This is a list of ethnic groups in China that are not officially recognised by the government of the People's Republic of China.
- Gejia (亻革家人, Gèjiā Rén)
- Bajia (八甲人, Bājiǎ Rén)
- Deng (僜人, Dèng Rén)
- Khmu (克木人, Kèmù Rén)
- Kucong (Yellow Lahu/Lahu Shi (苦聪人; Traditional: 苦聰人; Kǔcōng Rén)
- Mang (芒人, Máng Rén)
- Sherpas (夏尔巴人; Traditional: 夏爾巴人; Xiàěrbā Rén)
- Tuvans (图瓦人, Túwǎ Rén)
- Yi (羿人, Yìrén)
- Youtai (犹太; Traditional: 猶太; Yóutài) (Jewish people of China and Jewish people in general)
Ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau
- See also: Demographics of Hong Kong, Demographics of Macau
Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China. The governments of Hong Kong and Macau do not use the official PRC ethnic classification system, nor does the PRC's official classification system take ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau into account. As a result, minority groups such as Filipinos, Indonesians, Europeans and South Asians in Hong Kong, as well as Portuguese and Macanese (people of mixed Chinese-Portuguese ancestry) in Macau, do not appear in the PRC's list of ethnicities in China.
See also
- Ethnic minorities in China
- Undistinguished ethnic groups in China
- Tai ethnic groups in China
- Ethnic groups in Taiwan
- Zhonghua Minzu
- Taiwanese aborigines
- Demographics of the People's Republic of China and Taiwan
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